FM / private

/usr/include/mysql/server/private

Name	Size	Mode	Actions
atomic/	-	0755	rm
data/	-	0755	rm
providers/	-	0755	rm
aligned.h	1136	0644	edit dl rm
aria_backup.h	1787	0644	edit dl rm
assume_aligned.h	2350	0644	edit dl rm
authors.h	10141	0644	edit dl rm
backup.h	1703	0644	edit dl rm
bounded_queue.h	6093	0644	edit dl rm
client_settings.h	1935	0644	edit dl rm
compat56.h	2280	0644	edit dl rm
config.h	14543	0644	edit dl rm
contributors.h	4878	0644	edit dl rm
create_options.h	4193	0644	edit dl rm
create_tmp_table.h	2808	0644	edit dl rm
cset_narrowing.h	3968	0644	edit dl rm
custom_conf.h	1082	0644	edit dl rm
datadict.h	1700	0644	edit dl rm
ddl_log.h	12807	0644	edit dl rm
debug.h	1234	0644	edit dl rm
debug_sync.h	2046	0644	edit dl rm
derived_handler.h	2379	0644	edit dl rm
derror.h	980	0644	edit dl rm
des_key_file.h	1236	0644	edit dl rm
discover.h	1570	0644	edit dl rm
dur_prop.h	1082	0644	edit dl rm
embedded_priv.h	1733	0644	edit dl rm
events.h	4704	0644	edit dl rm
event_data_objects.h	4187	0644	edit dl rm
event_db_repository.h	3648	0644	edit dl rm
event_parse_data.h	2899	0644	edit dl rm
event_queue.h	3438	0644	edit dl rm
event_scheduler.h	3290	0644	edit dl rm
field.h	222336	0644	edit dl rm
field_comp.h	1174	0644	edit dl rm
filesort.h	7283	0644	edit dl rm
filesort_utils.h	8195	0644	edit dl rm
ft_global.h	3113	0644	edit dl rm
gcalc_slicescan.h	17272	0644	edit dl rm
gcalc_tools.h	11900	0644	edit dl rm
grant.h	2758	0644	edit dl rm
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gstream.h	2437	0644	edit dl rm
handler.h	199730	0644	edit dl rm
handle_connections_win.h	884	0644	edit dl rm
hash.h	4452	0644	edit dl rm
hash_filo.h	5688	0644	edit dl rm
ha_handler_stats.h	2335	0644	edit dl rm
ha_partition.h	64696	0644	edit dl rm
ha_sequence.h	6245	0644	edit dl rm
heap.h	9480	0644	edit dl rm
hostname.h	5419	0644	edit dl rm
ilist.h	7237	0644	edit dl rm
init.h	852	0644	edit dl rm
innodb_priv.h	1319	0644	edit dl rm
item.h	283188	0644	edit dl rm
item_cmpfunc.h	135071	0644	edit dl rm
item_create.h	11508	0644	edit dl rm
item_func.h	138638	0644	edit dl rm
item_geofunc.h	39612	0644	edit dl rm
item_jsonfunc.h	25264	0644	edit dl rm
item_row.h	5229	0644	edit dl rm
item_strfunc.h	74995	0644	edit dl rm
item_subselect.h	59028	0644	edit dl rm
item_sum.h	72695	0644	edit dl rm
item_timefunc.h	65896	0644	edit dl rm
item_vers.h	4413	0644	edit dl rm
item_windowfunc.h	34556	0644	edit dl rm
item_xmlfunc.h	4650	0644	edit dl rm
json_table.h	9667	0644	edit dl rm
key.h	2132	0644	edit dl rm
keycaches.h	1995	0644	edit dl rm
lex.h	29840	0644	edit dl rm
lex_charset.h	24313	0644	edit dl rm
lex_hash.h	143108	0644	edit dl rm
lex_ident.h	2122	0644	edit dl rm
lex_string.h	4077	0644	edit dl rm
lex_symbol.h	1323	0644	edit dl rm
lex_token.h	42641	0644	edit dl rm
lf.h	6462	0644	edit dl rm
lock.h	2220	0644	edit dl rm
log.h	46370	0644	edit dl rm
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log_event_data_type.h	1890	0644	edit dl rm
log_event_old.h	19830	0644	edit dl rm
log_slow.h	2442	0644	edit dl rm
maria.h	5872	0644	edit dl rm
mariadb.h	1277	0644	edit dl rm
mdl.h	38503	0644	edit dl rm
mem_root_array.h	7106	0644	edit dl rm
message.h	1195	0644	edit dl rm
multi_range_read.h	23179	0644	edit dl rm
myisam.h	17506	0644	edit dl rm
myisamchk.h	4734	0644	edit dl rm
myisammrg.h	4897	0644	edit dl rm
myisampack.h	14929	0644	edit dl rm
mysqld.h	41063	0644	edit dl rm
mysqld_default_groups.h	204	0644	edit dl rm
mysqld_suffix.h	1201	0644	edit dl rm
mysys_err.h	3022	0644	edit dl rm
my_alarm.h	2429	0644	edit dl rm
my_apc.h	4747	0644	edit dl rm
my_atomic.h	7281	0644	edit dl rm
my_atomic_wrapper.h	3051	0644	edit dl rm
my_base.h	27656	0644	edit dl rm
my_bit.h	6196	0644	edit dl rm
my_bitmap.h	5502	0644	edit dl rm
my_check_opt.h	2618	0644	edit dl rm
my_compare.h	11194	0644	edit dl rm
my_counter.h	1721	0644	edit dl rm
my_cpu.h	4855	0644	edit dl rm
my_crypt.h	904	0644	edit dl rm
my_decimal.h	14489	0644	edit dl rm
my_default.h	1880	0644	edit dl rm
my_handler_errors.h	4882	0644	edit dl rm
my_json_writer.h	18573	0644	edit dl rm
my_libwrap.h	1183	0644	edit dl rm
my_md5.h	1486	0644	edit dl rm
my_minidump.h	848	0644	edit dl rm
my_nosys.h	1438	0644	edit dl rm
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my_user.h	1126	0644	edit dl rm
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opt_trace_context.h	3291	0644	edit dl rm
parse_file.h	4387	0644	edit dl rm
partition_element.h	5428	0644	edit dl rm
partition_info.h	19864	0644	edit dl rm
password.h	1170	0644	edit dl rm
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pfs_thread_provider.h	5560	0644	edit dl rm
pfs_transaction_provider.h	2846	0644	edit dl rm
privilege.h	28889	0644	edit dl rm
probes_mysql.h	973	0644	edit dl rm
probes_mysql_nodtrace.h	6087	0644	edit dl rm
procedure.h	6819	0644	edit dl rm
protocol.h	12537	0644	edit dl rm
proxy_protocol.h	548	0644	edit dl rm
queues.h	3477	0644	edit dl rm
records.h	3147	0644	edit dl rm
replication.h	16130	0644	edit dl rm
repl_failsafe.h	1585	0644	edit dl rm
rijndael.h	1711	0644	edit dl rm
rowid_filter.h	15474	0644	edit dl rm
rpl_constants.h	3357	0644	edit dl rm
rpl_filter.h	4774	0644	edit dl rm
rpl_gtid.h	29939	0644	edit dl rm
rpl_injector.h	9621	0644	edit dl rm
rpl_mi.h	16638	0644	edit dl rm
rpl_parallel.h	18228	0644	edit dl rm
rpl_record.h	1585	0644	edit dl rm
rpl_record_old.h	1407	0644	edit dl rm
rpl_reporting.h	3713	0644	edit dl rm
rpl_rli.h	36070	0644	edit dl rm
rpl_tblmap.h	3177	0644	edit dl rm
rpl_utility.h	9630	0644	edit dl rm
scheduler.h	3199	0644	edit dl rm
scope.h	4393	0644	edit dl rm
select_handler.h	2228	0644	edit dl rm
semisync.h	2287	0644	edit dl rm
semisync_master.h	25766	0644	edit dl rm
semisync_master_ack_receiver.h	8709	0644	edit dl rm
semisync_slave.h	3736	0644	edit dl rm
service_versions.h	2285	0644	edit dl rm
session_tracker.h	14275	0644	edit dl rm
set_var.h	16551	0644	edit dl rm
slave.h	12275	0644	edit dl rm
socketpair.h	842	0644	edit dl rm
source_revision.h	67	0644	edit dl rm
sp.h	22588	0644	edit dl rm
span.h	3931	0644	edit dl rm
spatial.h	22698	0644	edit dl rm
sp_cache.h	2037	0644	edit dl rm
sp_head.h	64917	0644	edit dl rm
sp_pcontext.h	24893	0644	edit dl rm
sp_rcontext.h	14441	0644	edit dl rm
sql_acl.h	14167	0644	edit dl rm
sql_admin.h	2915	0644	edit dl rm
sql_alloc.h	1732	0644	edit dl rm
sql_alter.h	15395	0644	edit dl rm
sql_analyse.h	11125	0644	edit dl rm
sql_analyze_stmt.h	12683	0644	edit dl rm
sql_array.h	6858	0644	edit dl rm
sql_audit.h	14162	0644	edit dl rm
sql_base.h	26041	0644	edit dl rm
sql_basic_types.h	9523	0644	edit dl rm
sql_binlog.h	895	0644	edit dl rm
sql_bitmap.h	7842	0644	edit dl rm
sql_bootstrap.h	1812	0644	edit dl rm
sql_cache.h	21676	0644	edit dl rm
sql_callback.h	1542	0644	edit dl rm
sql_class.h	271120	0644	edit dl rm
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sql_command.h	4800	0644	edit dl rm
sql_connect.h	4087	0644	edit dl rm
sql_const.h	11415	0644	edit dl rm
sql_crypt.h	1437	0644	edit dl rm
sql_cte.h	16494	0644	edit dl rm
sql_cursor.h	4239	0644	edit dl rm
sql_db.h	2438	0644	edit dl rm
sql_debug.h	5646	0644	edit dl rm
sql_delete.h	1343	0644	edit dl rm
sql_derived.h	1289	0644	edit dl rm
sql_digest.h	3819	0644	edit dl rm
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sql_do.h	954	0644	edit dl rm
sql_error.h	39843	0644	edit dl rm
sql_explain.h	30319	0644	edit dl rm
sql_expression_cache.h	4359	0644	edit dl rm
sql_get_diagnostics.h	7883	0644	edit dl rm
sql_handler.h	2910	0644	edit dl rm
sql_help.h	995	0644	edit dl rm
sql_hset.h	3401	0644	edit dl rm
sql_insert.h	5173	0644	edit dl rm
sql_i_s.h	8487	0644	edit dl rm
sql_join_cache.h	48659	0644	edit dl rm
sql_lex.h	174693	0644	edit dl rm
sql_lifo_buffer.h	9676	0644	edit dl rm
sql_limit.h	3187	0644	edit dl rm
sql_list.h	22391	0644	edit dl rm
sql_load.h	1276	0644	edit dl rm
sql_locale.h	2701	0644	edit dl rm
sql_manager.h	960	0644	edit dl rm
sql_mode.h	6735	0644	edit dl rm
sql_parse.h	8970	0644	edit dl rm
sql_partition.h	12674	0644	edit dl rm
sql_partition_admin.h	5940	0644	edit dl rm
sql_plist.h	7711	0644	edit dl rm
sql_plugin.h	7577	0644	edit dl rm
sql_plugin_compat.h	2237	0644	edit dl rm
sql_prepare.h	11409	0644	edit dl rm
sql_priv.h	18474	0644	edit dl rm
sql_profile.h	7816	0644	edit dl rm
sql_reload.h	1036	0644	edit dl rm
sql_rename.h	982	0644	edit dl rm
sql_repl.h	3045	0644	edit dl rm
sql_schema.h	3303	0644	edit dl rm
sql_select.h	89743	0644	edit dl rm
sql_sequence.h	5177	0644	edit dl rm
sql_servers.h	1777	0644	edit dl rm
sql_show.h	9830	0644	edit dl rm
sql_signal.h	3362	0644	edit dl rm
sql_sort.h	21964	0644	edit dl rm
sql_statistics.h	16494	0644	edit dl rm
sql_string.h	39009	0644	edit dl rm
sql_table.h	9752	0644	edit dl rm
sql_test.h	1589	0644	edit dl rm
sql_time.h	8374	0644	edit dl rm
sql_trigger.h	12332	0644	edit dl rm
sql_truncate.h	2079	0644	edit dl rm
sql_tvc.h	2418	0644	edit dl rm
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sql_type_fixedbin_storage.h	5467	0644	edit dl rm
sql_type_geom.h	19039	0644	edit dl rm
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sql_type_json.h	6155	0644	edit dl rm
sql_type_real.h	1257	0644	edit dl rm
sql_type_string.h	1629	0644	edit dl rm
sql_udf.h	4850	0644	edit dl rm
sql_union.h	1068	0644	edit dl rm
sql_update.h	1923	0644	edit dl rm
sql_view.h	2470	0644	edit dl rm
sql_window.h	6814	0644	edit dl rm
ssl_compat.h	3380	0644	edit dl rm
strfunc.h	2275	0644	edit dl rm
structs.h	29530	0644	edit dl rm
sys_vars_shared.h	2729	0644	edit dl rm
table.h	118414	0644	edit dl rm
table_cache.h	4232	0644	edit dl rm
threadpool.h	4810	0644	edit dl rm
threadpool_generic.h	3969	0644	edit dl rm
threadpool_winsockets.h	2290	0644	edit dl rm
thread_cache.h	5905	0644	edit dl rm
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transaction.h	1466	0644	edit dl rm
tzfile.h	5014	0644	edit dl rm
tztime.h	3397	0644	edit dl rm
t_ctype.h	5639	0644	edit dl rm
uniques.h	4217	0644	edit dl rm
unireg.h	7722	0644	edit dl rm
vers_string.h	2543	0644	edit dl rm
violite.h	10086	0644	edit dl rm
waiting_threads.h	4532	0644	edit dl rm
welcome_copyright_notice.h	1218	0644	edit dl rm
winservice.h	6019	0644	edit dl rm
win_tzname_data.h	6506	0644	edit dl rm
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wsrep_allowlist_service.h	1035	0644	edit dl rm
wsrep_applier.h	2703	0644	edit dl rm
wsrep_binlog.h	3551	0644	edit dl rm
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wsrep_types.h	1110	0644	edit dl rm
wsrep_utils.h	9807	0644	edit dl rm
wsrep_var.h	4491	0644	edit dl rm
wsrep_xid.h	1549	0644	edit dl rm
xa.h	1845	0644	edit dl rm

Edit: /usr/include/mysql/server/private/item_strfunc.h (74995B)

#ifndef ITEM_STRFUNC_INCLUDED
#define ITEM_STRFUNC_INCLUDED

/*
   Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
   Copyright (c) 2009, 2022, MariaDB

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1335  USA */

/* This file defines all string functions */

#ifdef USE_PRAGMA_INTERFACE
#pragma interface			/* gcc class implementation */
#endif

extern size_t username_char_length;

class Item_str_func :public Item_func
{
protected:
  /**
     Sets the result value of the function an empty string, using the current
     character set. No memory is allocated.
     @retval A pointer to the str_value member.
   */
  virtual String *make_empty_result(String *str)
  {
    /*
      Reset string length to an empty string. We don't use str_value.set() as
      we don't want to free and potentially have to reallocate the buffer
      for each call.
    */
    if (!str->is_alloced())
      str->set("", 0, collation.collation); /* Avoid null ptrs */
    else
    {
      str->length(0);                      /* Reuse allocated area */
      str->set_charset(collation.collation);
    }
    return str;
  }
public:
  Item_str_func(THD *thd): Item_func(thd) { decimals=NOT_FIXED_DEC; }
  Item_str_func(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_func(thd, a) {decimals=NOT_FIXED_DEC; }
  Item_str_func(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b):
    Item_func(thd, a, b) { decimals=NOT_FIXED_DEC; }
  Item_str_func(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b, Item *c):
    Item_func(thd, a, b, c) { decimals=NOT_FIXED_DEC; }
  Item_str_func(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b, Item *c, Item *d):
    Item_func(thd, a, b, c, d) { decimals=NOT_FIXED_DEC; }
  Item_str_func(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b, Item *c, Item *d, Item* e):
    Item_func(thd, a, b, c, d, e) { decimals=NOT_FIXED_DEC; }
  Item_str_func(THD *thd, List<Item> &list):
    Item_func(thd, list) { decimals=NOT_FIXED_DEC; }
  longlong val_int() override;
  double val_real() override;
  my_decimal *val_decimal(my_decimal *) override;
  bool get_date(THD *thd, MYSQL_TIME *ltime, date_mode_t fuzzydate) override
  { return get_date_from_string(thd, ltime, fuzzydate); }
  const Type_handler *type_handler() const override
  { return string_type_handler(); }
  void left_right_max_length();
  bool fix_fields(THD *thd, Item **ref) override;
};

/*
  Functions that return values with ASCII repertoire
*/
class Item_str_ascii_func :public Item_str_func
{
  String ascii_buf;
public:
  Item_str_ascii_func(THD *thd): Item_str_func(thd) {}
  Item_str_ascii_func(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_str_func(thd, a) {}
  Item_str_ascii_func(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b): Item_str_func(thd, a, b) {}
  Item_str_ascii_func(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b, Item *c):
    Item_str_func(thd, a, b, c) {}
  String *val_str(String *str) override
  {
    return val_str_from_val_str_ascii(str, &ascii_buf);
  }
  String *val_str_ascii(String *) override= 0;
};

/**
  Functions that return a checksum or a hash of the argument,
  or somehow else encode or decode the argument,
  returning an ASCII-repertoire string.
*/
class Item_str_ascii_checksum_func: public Item_str_ascii_func
{
public:
  Item_str_ascii_checksum_func(THD *thd, Item *a)
   :Item_str_ascii_func(thd, a) { }
  Item_str_ascii_checksum_func(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b)
   :Item_str_ascii_func(thd, a, b) { }
  bool eq(const Item *item, const Eq_config &config) const override
  {
    // Always use binary argument comparison: MD5('x') != MD5('X')
    Eq_config new_config= config;
    new_config.binary_cmp= true;
    return Item_func::eq(item, new_config);
  }
};

/**
  Functions that return a checksum or a hash of the argument,
  or somehow else encode or decode the argument,
  returning a binary string.
*/
class Item_str_binary_checksum_func: public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_str_binary_checksum_func(THD *thd, Item *a)
   :Item_str_func(thd, a) { }
  Item_str_binary_checksum_func(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b)
   :Item_str_func(thd, a, b) { }
  bool eq(const Item *item, const Eq_config &config) const override
  {
    /*
      Always use binary argument comparison:
        FROM_BASE64('test') != FROM_BASE64('TEST')
    */
    Eq_config new_config= config;
    new_config.binary_cmp= true;
    return Item_func::eq(item, new_config);
  }
};

class Item_func_md5 :public Item_str_ascii_checksum_func
{
public:
  Item_func_md5(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_str_ascii_checksum_func(thd, a) {}
  String *val_str_ascii(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    fix_length_and_charset(32, default_charset());
    return FALSE;
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("md5") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_md5>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_sha :public Item_str_ascii_checksum_func
{
public:
  Item_func_sha(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_str_ascii_checksum_func(thd, a) {}
  String *val_str_ascii(String *) override;    
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("sha") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_sha>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_sha2 :public Item_str_ascii_checksum_func
{
public:
  Item_func_sha2(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b)
   :Item_str_ascii_checksum_func(thd, a, b) {}
  String *val_str_ascii(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("sha2") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_sha2>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_to_base64 :public Item_str_ascii_checksum_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_to_base64(THD *thd, Item *a)
   :Item_str_ascii_checksum_func(thd, a) {}
  String *val_str_ascii(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("to_base64") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_to_base64>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_from_base64 :public Item_str_binary_checksum_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_from_base64(THD *thd, Item *a)
   :Item_str_binary_checksum_func(thd, a) { }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("from_base64") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_from_base64>(thd, this); }
};

#include <my_crypt.h>

class Item_aes_crypt :public Item_str_binary_checksum_func
{
  enum { AES_KEY_LENGTH = 128 };
  void create_key(String *user_key, uchar* key);

protected:
  int what;
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_aes_crypt(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b)
   :Item_str_binary_checksum_func(thd, a, b) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
};

class Item_func_aes_encrypt :public Item_aes_crypt
{
public:
  Item_func_aes_encrypt(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b)
   :Item_aes_crypt(thd, a, b) {}
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("aes_encrypt") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_aes_encrypt>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_aes_decrypt :public Item_aes_crypt
{
public:
  Item_func_aes_decrypt(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b):
    Item_aes_crypt(thd, a, b) {}
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("aes_decrypt") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_aes_decrypt>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_natural_sort_key : public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_func_natural_sort_key(THD *thd, Item *a)
      : Item_str_func(thd, a){};
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("natural_sort_key")};
    return name;
  }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  {
    return get_item_copy<Item_func_natural_sort_key>(thd, this);
  }

bool check_vcol_func_processor(void *arg) override;
};

class Item_func_concat :public Item_str_func
{
protected:
  String tmp_value;
  /*
    Append a non-NULL value to the result.
    @param [IN]     thd          - The current thread.
    @param [IN/OUT] res          - The current val_str() return value.
    @param [IN]     app          - The value to be appended.
    @retval                      - false on success, true on error
  */
  bool append_value(THD *thd, String *res, const String *app);
  bool realloc_result(String *str, uint length) const;
public:
  Item_func_concat(THD *thd, List<Item> &list): Item_str_func(thd, list) {}
  Item_func_concat(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b): Item_str_func(thd, a, b) {}
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &mariadb_schema; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override
  {
    print_sql_mode_qualified_name(str, query_type);
    print_args_parenthesized(str, query_type);
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("concat") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_concat>(thd, this); }
};

/*
  This class handles the || operator in sql_mode=ORACLE.
  Unlike the traditional MariaDB concat(), it treats NULL arguments as ''.
*/
class Item_func_concat_operator_oracle :public Item_func_concat
{
public:
  Item_func_concat_operator_oracle(THD *thd, List<Item> &list)
   :Item_func_concat(thd, list)
  { }
  Item_func_concat_operator_oracle(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b)
   :Item_func_concat(thd, a, b)
  { }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &oracle_schema_ref; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override
  {
    if (query_type & QT_FOR_FRM)
    {
      // 10.3 downgrade compatibility for FRM
      str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("concat_operator_oracle"));
    }
    else
      print_sql_mode_qualified_name(str, query_type);
    print_args_parenthesized(str, query_type);
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_concat_operator_oracle>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_decode_histogram :public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_func_decode_histogram(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b):
    Item_str_func(thd, a, b) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    collation.set(system_charset_info);
    max_length= MAX_BLOB_WIDTH;
    set_maybe_null();
    return FALSE;
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("decode_histogram") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_decode_histogram>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_concat_ws :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_concat_ws(THD *thd, List<Item> &list): Item_str_func(thd, list) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("concat_ws") };
    return name;
  }
  table_map not_null_tables() const override { return 0; }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_concat_ws>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_random_bytes : public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_func_random_bytes(THD *thd, Item *arg1) : Item_str_func(thd, arg1) {}
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  void update_used_tables() override;
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("random_bytes")};
    return name;
  }
  bool check_vcol_func_processor(void *arg) override
  {
    return mark_unsupported_function(func_name(), "()", arg,
                                     VCOL_NON_DETERMINISTIC | VCOL_NEXTVAL);
  }
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  {
    return get_item_copy<Item_func_random_bytes>(thd, this);
  }
  static const int MAX_RANDOM_BYTES= 1024;
};

class Item_func_reverse :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_reverse(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_str_func(thd, a) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("reverse") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_reverse>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_replace :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_value,tmp_value2;
protected:
  String *val_str_internal(String *str, bool null_to_empty);
public:
  Item_func_replace(THD *thd, Item *org, Item *find, Item *replace):
    Item_str_func(thd, org, find, replace) {}
  String *val_str(String *to) override { return val_str_internal(to, false); };
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &mariadb_schema; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override
  {
    print_sql_mode_qualified_name(str, query_type);
    print_args_parenthesized(str, query_type);
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("replace") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_replace>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_replace_oracle :public Item_func_replace
{
  String tmp_emtpystr;
public:
  Item_func_replace_oracle(THD *thd, Item *org, Item *find, Item *replace):
    Item_func_replace(thd, org, find, replace) {}
  String *val_str(String *to) override
  { return val_str_internal(to, true); };
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &oracle_schema_ref; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override
  {
    if (query_type & QT_FOR_FRM)
    {
      // 10.3 downgrade compatibility for FRM
      str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("replace_oracle"));
    }
    else
      print_sql_mode_qualified_name(str, query_type);
    print_args_parenthesized(str, query_type);
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_replace_oracle>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_regexp_replace :public Item_str_func
{
  Regexp_processor_pcre re;
  bool append_replacement(String *str,
                          const LEX_CSTRING *source,
                          const LEX_CSTRING *replace);
protected:
  String *val_str_internal(String *str, bool null_to_empty);
public:
  Item_func_regexp_replace(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b, Item *c):
    Item_str_func(thd, a, b, c)
    {}
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &mariadb_schema; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override
  {
    print_sql_mode_qualified_name(str, query_type);
    print_args_parenthesized(str, query_type);
  }
  void cleanup() override
  {
    DBUG_ENTER("Item_func_regexp_replace::cleanup");
    Item_str_func::cleanup();
    re.cleanup();
    DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
  }
  String *val_str(String *str) override
  {
    return val_str_internal(str, false);
  }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("regexp_replace") };
    return name;
  }
protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override { return nullptr; }
};

class Item_func_regexp_replace_oracle: public Item_func_regexp_replace
{
public:
  Item_func_regexp_replace_oracle(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b, Item *c)
   :Item_func_regexp_replace(thd, a, b, c)
  {}
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &oracle_schema_ref; }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    bool rc= Item_func_regexp_replace::fix_length_and_dec(thd);
    set_maybe_null(); // Empty result is converted to NULL
    return rc;
  }
  String *val_str(String *str) override
  {
    return val_str_internal(str, true);
  }
protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override { return nullptr; }
};

class Item_func_regexp_substr :public Item_str_func
{
  Regexp_processor_pcre re;
public:
  Item_func_regexp_substr(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b):
    Item_str_func(thd, a, b)
    {}
  void cleanup() override
  {
    DBUG_ENTER("Item_func_regexp_substr::cleanup");
    Item_str_func::cleanup();
    re.cleanup();
    DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
  }
  String *val_str(String *str) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("regexp_substr") };
    return name;
  }
protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override { return nullptr; }
};

class Item_func_insert :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_insert(THD *thd, Item *org, Item *start, Item *length,
                   Item *new_str):
    Item_str_func(thd, org, start, length, new_str) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("insert") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_insert>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_str_conv :public Item_str_func
{
protected:
  uint multiply;
  my_charset_conv_case converter;
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_str_conv(THD *thd, Item *item): Item_str_func(thd, item) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
};

class Item_func_lcase :public Item_str_conv
{
public:
  Item_func_lcase(THD *thd, Item *item): Item_str_conv(thd, item) {}
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("lcase") };
    return name;
  }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_lcase>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_ucase :public Item_str_conv
{
public:
  Item_func_ucase(THD *thd, Item *item): Item_str_conv(thd, item) {}
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("ucase") };
    return name;
  }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_ucase>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_left :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_left(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b): Item_str_func(thd, a, b) {}
  bool hash_not_null(Hasher *hasher) override;
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("left") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_left>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_right :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_right(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b): Item_str_func(thd, a, b) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("right") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_right>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_substr :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_value;
protected:
  virtual longlong get_position() { return args[1]->val_int(); }
public:
  Item_func_substr(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b): Item_str_func(thd, a, b) {}
  Item_func_substr(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b, Item *c):
    Item_str_func(thd, a, b, c) {}
  Item_func_substr(THD *thd, List<Item> &list)
    :Item_str_func(thd, list) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &mariadb_schema; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override
  {
    print_sql_mode_qualified_name(str, query_type);
    print_args_parenthesized(str, query_type);
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("substr") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_substr>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_sformat :public Item_str_func
{
  String *val_arg;
public:
  Item_func_sformat(THD *thd, List<Item> &list);
  ~Item_func_sformat() { delete [] val_arg; }
  String *val_str(String*) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("sformat") };
    return name;
  }
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_sformat>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_substr_oracle :public Item_func_substr
{
protected:
  longlong get_position() override
  { longlong pos= args[1]->val_int(); return pos == 0 ? 1 : pos; }
  String *make_empty_result(String *str) override
  { null_value= 1; return NULL; }
public:
  Item_func_substr_oracle(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b):
    Item_func_substr(thd, a, b) {}
  Item_func_substr_oracle(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b, Item *c):
    Item_func_substr(thd, a, b, c) {}
  Item_func_substr_oracle(THD *thd, List<Item> &list)
    :Item_func_substr(thd, list) {}
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    bool res= Item_func_substr::fix_length_and_dec(thd);
    set_maybe_null();
    return res;
  }
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &oracle_schema_ref; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override
  {
    if (query_type & QT_FOR_FRM)
    {
      // 10.3 downgrade compatibility for FRM
      str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("substr_oracle"));
    }
    else
      print_sql_mode_qualified_name(str, query_type);
    print_args_parenthesized(str, query_type);
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_substr_oracle>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_substr_index :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_substr_index(THD *thd, Item *a,Item *b,Item *c):
    Item_str_func(thd, a, b, c) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("substring_index") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_substr_index>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_trim :public Item_str_func
{
protected:
  String tmp_value;
  String remove;
  String *trimmed_value(String *res, uint32 offset, uint32 length)
  {
    if (length == 0)
      return make_empty_result(&tmp_value);

tmp_value.set(*res, offset, length);
    /*
      Make sure to return correct charset and collation:
      TRIM(0x000000 FROM _ucs2 0x0061)
      should set charset to "binary" rather than to "ucs2".
    */
    tmp_value.set_charset(collation.collation);
    return &tmp_value;
  }
  String *non_trimmed_value(String *res)
  {
    return trimmed_value(res, 0, res->length());
  }
public:
  Item_func_trim(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b): Item_str_func(thd, a, b) {}
  Item_func_trim(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_str_func(thd, a) {}
  Sql_mode_dependency value_depends_on_sql_mode() const override;
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &mariadb_schema; }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("trim") };
    return name;
  }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override;
  virtual LEX_CSTRING mode_name() const { return { "both", 4}; }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_trim>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_trim_oracle :public Item_func_trim
{
protected:
  String *make_empty_result(String *str) override
  { null_value= 1; return NULL; }
public:
  Item_func_trim_oracle(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b):
    Item_func_trim(thd, a, b) {}
  Item_func_trim_oracle(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_func_trim(thd, a) {}
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &oracle_schema_ref; }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    bool res= Item_func_trim::fix_length_and_dec(thd);
    set_maybe_null();
    return res;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_trim_oracle>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_ltrim :public Item_func_trim
{
public:
  Item_func_ltrim(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b): Item_func_trim(thd, a, b) {}
  Item_func_ltrim(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_func_trim(thd, a) {}
  Sql_mode_dependency value_depends_on_sql_mode() const override
  {
    return Item_func::value_depends_on_sql_mode();
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &mariadb_schema; }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("ltrim") };
    return name;
  }
  LEX_CSTRING mode_name() const override
  { return { STRING_WITH_LEN("leading") }; }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_ltrim>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_ltrim_oracle :public Item_func_ltrim
{
protected:
  String *make_empty_result(String *str) override
  { null_value= 1; return NULL; }
public:
  Item_func_ltrim_oracle(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b):
    Item_func_ltrim(thd, a, b) {}
  Item_func_ltrim_oracle(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_func_ltrim(thd, a) {}
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &oracle_schema_ref; }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    bool res= Item_func_ltrim::fix_length_and_dec(thd);
    set_maybe_null();
    return res;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_ltrim_oracle>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_rtrim :public Item_func_trim
{
public:
  Item_func_rtrim(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b): Item_func_trim(thd, a, b) {}
  Item_func_rtrim(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_func_trim(thd, a) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &mariadb_schema; }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("rtrim") };
    return name;
  }
  LEX_CSTRING mode_name() const override
  { return { STRING_WITH_LEN("trailing") }; }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_rtrim>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_rtrim_oracle :public Item_func_rtrim
{
protected:
  String *make_empty_result(String *str) override
  { null_value= 1; return NULL; }
public:
  Item_func_rtrim_oracle(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b):
    Item_func_rtrim(thd, a, b) {}
  Item_func_rtrim_oracle(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_func_rtrim(thd, a) {}
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &oracle_schema_ref; }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    bool res= Item_func_rtrim::fix_length_and_dec(thd);
    set_maybe_null();
    return res;
  }
protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_rtrim_oracle>(thd, this); }
};

/*
  Item_func_password -- new (4.1.1) PASSWORD() function implementation.
  Returns strcat('*', octet2hex(sha1(sha1(password)))). '*' stands for new
  password format, sha1(sha1(password) is so-called hash_stage2 value.
  Length of returned string is always 41 byte. To find out how entire
  authentication procedure works, see comments in password.c.
*/

class Item_func_password :public Item_str_ascii_checksum_func
{
public:
  enum PW_Alg {OLD, NEW};
private:
  char tmp_value[SCRAMBLED_PASSWORD_CHAR_LENGTH+1]; 
  enum PW_Alg alg;
  bool deflt;
public:
  Item_func_password(THD *thd, Item *a):
    Item_str_ascii_checksum_func(thd, a), alg(NEW), deflt(1) {}
  Item_func_password(THD *thd, Item *a, PW_Alg al):
    Item_str_ascii_checksum_func(thd, a), alg(al), deflt(0) {}
  String *val_str_ascii(String *str) override;
  bool fix_fields(THD *thd, Item **ref) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    fix_length_and_charset((alg == 1 ?
                            SCRAMBLED_PASSWORD_CHAR_LENGTH :
                            SCRAMBLED_PASSWORD_CHAR_LENGTH_323),
                           default_charset());
    return FALSE;
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING password_normal= {STRING_WITH_LEN("password") };
    static LEX_CSTRING password_old= {STRING_WITH_LEN("old_password") };
    return (deflt || alg == 1) ? password_normal : password_old;
  }
  static char *alloc(THD *thd, const char *password, size_t pass_len,
                     enum PW_Alg al);

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_password>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_des_encrypt :public Item_str_binary_checksum_func
{
  String tmp_value,tmp_arg;
public:
  Item_func_des_encrypt(THD *thd, Item *a)
   :Item_str_binary_checksum_func(thd, a) {}
  Item_func_des_encrypt(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b)
   :Item_str_binary_checksum_func(thd, a, b) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("des_encrypt") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_des_encrypt>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_des_decrypt :public Item_str_binary_checksum_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_des_decrypt(THD *thd, Item *a)
   :Item_str_binary_checksum_func(thd, a) {}
  Item_func_des_decrypt(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b)
   :Item_str_binary_checksum_func(thd, a, b) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("des_decrypt") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_des_decrypt>(thd, this); }
};

/**
  QQ: Item_func_encrypt should derive from Item_str_ascii_checksum_func.
  However, it should be fixed to handle UCS2, UTF16, UTF32 properly first,
  as the underlying crypt() call expects a null-terminated input string.
*/
class Item_func_encrypt :public Item_str_binary_checksum_func
{
  String tmp_value;

/* Encapsulate common constructor actions */
  void constructor_helper()
  {
    collation.set(&my_charset_bin);
  }
public:
  Item_func_encrypt(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_str_binary_checksum_func(thd, a)
  {
    constructor_helper();
  }
  Item_func_encrypt(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b)
   :Item_str_binary_checksum_func(thd, a, b)
  {
    constructor_helper();
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    set_maybe_null();
    max_length = 13;
    return FALSE;
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("encrypt") };
    return name;
  }
  bool check_vcol_func_processor(void *arg) override
  {
    return FALSE;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_encrypt>(thd, this); }
};

#include "sql_crypt.h"

class Item_func_encode :public Item_str_binary_checksum_func
{
private:
  /** Whether the PRNG has already been seeded. */
  bool seeded;
protected:
  SQL_CRYPT sql_crypt;
public:
  Item_func_encode(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *seed_arg):
    Item_str_binary_checksum_func(thd, a, seed_arg) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("encode") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_encode>(thd, this); }
  virtual void crypto_transform(String *);
private:
  /** Provide a seed for the PRNG sequence. */
  bool seed();
};

class Item_func_decode :public Item_func_encode
{
public:
  Item_func_decode(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *seed_arg): Item_func_encode(thd, a, seed_arg) {}
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &mariadb_schema; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override
  {
    print_sql_mode_qualified_name(str, query_type);
    print_args_parenthesized(str, query_type);
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("decode") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_decode>(thd, this); }
  void crypto_transform(String *) override;
};

class Item_func_sysconst :public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_func_sysconst(THD *thd): Item_str_func(thd)
  { collation.set(system_charset_info,DERIVATION_SYSCONST); }
  Item *safe_charset_converter(THD *thd, CHARSET_INFO *tocs) override;
  /*
    Used to create correct Item name in new converted item in
    safe_charset_converter, return string representation of this function
    call
  */
  virtual const char *fully_qualified_func_name() const = 0;
  bool check_vcol_func_processor(void *arg) override
  {
    return mark_unsupported_function(fully_qualified_func_name(), arg,
                                     VCOL_SESSION_FUNC);
  }
  bool const_item() const override;
};

class Item_func_database :public Item_func_sysconst
{
public:
  Item_func_database(THD *thd): Item_func_sysconst(thd) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    max_length= NAME_CHAR_LEN * system_charset_info->mbmaxlen;
    set_maybe_null();
    return FALSE;
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("database") };
    return name;
  }
  const char *fully_qualified_func_name() const override
  { return "database()"; }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_database>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_sqlerrm :public Item_func_sysconst
{
public:
  Item_func_sqlerrm(THD *thd): Item_func_sysconst(thd) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("SQLERRM") };
    return name;
  }
  const char *fully_qualified_func_name() const override
  { return "SQLERRM"; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override
  {
    str->append(func_name_cstring());
  }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    max_length= 512 * system_charset_info->mbmaxlen;
    null_value= false;
    base_flags&= ~item_base_t::MAYBE_NULL;
    return FALSE;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_sqlerrm>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_user :public Item_func_sysconst
{
protected:
  bool init (const char *user, const char *host);

public:
  Item_func_user(THD *thd): Item_func_sysconst(thd)
  {
    str_value.set("", 0, system_charset_info);
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(fixed());
    return (null_value ? 0 : &str_value);
  }
  bool fix_fields(THD *thd, Item **ref) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    max_length= (uint32) (username_char_length +
                 HOSTNAME_LENGTH + 1) * SYSTEM_CHARSET_MBMAXLEN;
    return FALSE;
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("user") };
    return name;
  }
  const char *fully_qualified_func_name() const override
  { return "user()"; }
  int save_in_field(Field *field, bool no_conversions) override
  {
    return save_str_value_in_field(field, &str_value);
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_user>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_current_user :public Item_func_user
{
  Name_resolution_context *context;

public:
  Item_func_current_user(THD *thd, Name_resolution_context *context_arg):
    Item_func_user(thd), context(context_arg) {}
  bool fix_fields(THD *thd, Item **ref) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("current_user") };
    return name;
  }
  const char *fully_qualified_func_name() const override
  { return "current_user()"; }
  bool check_vcol_func_processor(void *arg) override
  {
    context= 0;
    return mark_unsupported_function(fully_qualified_func_name(), arg,
                                     VCOL_SESSION_FUNC);
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_current_user>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_current_role :public Item_func_sysconst
{
  Name_resolution_context *context;

public:
  Item_func_current_role(THD *thd, Name_resolution_context *context_arg):
    Item_func_sysconst(thd), context(context_arg) {}
  bool fix_fields(THD *thd, Item **ref) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    max_length= (uint32) username_char_length * SYSTEM_CHARSET_MBMAXLEN;
    return FALSE;
  }
  int save_in_field(Field *field, bool no_conversions) override
  { return save_str_value_in_field(field, &str_value); }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("current_role") };
    return name;
  }
  const char *fully_qualified_func_name() const override
  { return "current_role()"; }
  String *val_str(String *) override
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(fixed());
    return null_value ? NULL : &str_value;
  }
  bool check_vcol_func_processor(void *arg) override
  {
    context= 0;
    return mark_unsupported_function(fully_qualified_func_name(), arg,
                                     VCOL_SESSION_FUNC);
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_current_role>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_soundex :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_soundex(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_str_func(thd, a) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("soundex") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_soundex>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_elt :public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_func_elt(THD *thd, List<Item> &list): Item_str_func(thd, list) {}
  double val_real() override;
  longlong val_int() override;
  String *val_str(String *str) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("elt") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_elt>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_make_set :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_str;

public:
  Item_func_make_set(THD *thd, List<Item> &list): Item_str_func(thd, list) {}
  String *val_str(String *str) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("make_set") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_make_set>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_format :public Item_str_ascii_func
{
  const MY_LOCALE *locale;
public:
  Item_func_format(THD *thd, Item *org, Item *dec):
    Item_str_ascii_func(thd, org, dec) {}
  Item_func_format(THD *thd, Item *org, Item *dec, Item *lang):
    Item_str_ascii_func(thd, org, dec, lang) {}

String *val_str_ascii(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("format") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_format>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_char :public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_func_char(THD *thd, List<Item> &list): Item_str_func(thd, list)
  { collation.set(&my_charset_bin); }
  Item_func_char(THD *thd, List<Item> &list, CHARSET_INFO *cs):
    Item_str_func(thd, list)
  { collation.set(cs); }
  Item_func_char(THD *thd, Item *arg1, CHARSET_INFO *cs):
    Item_str_func(thd, arg1)
  { collation.set(cs); }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  void append_char(String * str, int32 num);
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    max_length= arg_count * 4;
    return FALSE;
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("char") };
    return name;
  }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override;

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_char>(thd, this); }
} ;

class Item_func_chr :public Item_func_char
{
public:
  Item_func_chr(THD *thd, Item *arg1, CHARSET_INFO *cs):
    Item_func_char(thd, arg1, cs) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    max_length= 4;
    return FALSE;
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("chr") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_chr>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_repeat :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_repeat(THD *thd, Item *arg1, Item *arg2):
    Item_str_func(thd, arg1, arg2) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("repeat") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_repeat>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_space :public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_func_space(THD *thd, Item *arg1): Item_str_func(thd, arg1) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("space") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_space>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_binlog_gtid_pos :public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_func_binlog_gtid_pos(THD *thd, Item *arg1, Item *arg2):
    Item_str_func(thd, arg1, arg2) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("binlog_gtid_pos") };
    return name;
  }
  bool check_vcol_func_processor(void *arg) override
  {
    return mark_unsupported_function(func_name(), "()", arg, VCOL_IMPOSSIBLE);
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_binlog_gtid_pos>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_pad: public Item_str_func
{
protected:
  String tmp_value, pad_str;
public:
  Item_func_pad(THD *thd, Item *arg1, Item *arg2, Item *arg3):
    Item_str_func(thd, arg1, arg2, arg3) {}
  Item_func_pad(THD *thd, Item *arg1, Item *arg2):
    Item_str_func(thd, arg1, arg2) {}
  Item_func_pad(THD *thd, List<Item> &list):
    Item_str_func(thd,list) {}
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
};

class Item_func_rpad :public Item_func_pad
{
public:
  Item_func_rpad(THD *thd, Item *arg1, Item *arg2, Item *arg3):
    Item_func_pad(thd, arg1, arg2, arg3) {}
  Item_func_rpad(THD *thd, Item *arg1, Item *arg2):
    Item_func_pad(thd, arg1, arg2) {}
  Item_func_rpad(THD *thd, List<Item> &list):
    Item_func_pad(thd,list) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &mariadb_schema; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override
  {
    print_sql_mode_qualified_name(str, query_type);
    print_args_parenthesized(str, query_type);
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("rpad") };
    return name;
  }
  Sql_mode_dependency value_depends_on_sql_mode() const override;

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_rpad>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_rpad_oracle :public Item_func_rpad
{
  String *make_empty_result(String *str) override
  { null_value= 1; return NULL; }
public:
  Item_func_rpad_oracle(THD *thd, Item *arg1, Item *arg2, Item *arg3):
    Item_func_rpad(thd, arg1, arg2, arg3) {}
  Item_func_rpad_oracle(THD *thd, Item *arg1, Item *arg2):
    Item_func_rpad(thd, arg1, arg2) {}
  Item_func_rpad_oracle(THD *thd, List<Item> &list):
    Item_func_rpad(thd,list) {}
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    bool res= Item_func_rpad::fix_length_and_dec(thd);
    set_maybe_null();
    return res;
  }
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &oracle_schema_ref; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override
  {
    if (query_type & QT_FOR_FRM)
    {
      // 10.3 downgrade compatibility for FRM
      str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("rpad_oracle"));
    }
    else
      print_sql_mode_qualified_name(str, query_type);
    print_args_parenthesized(str, query_type);
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_rpad_oracle>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_lpad :public Item_func_pad
{
public:
  Item_func_lpad(THD *thd, Item *arg1, Item *arg2, Item *arg3):
    Item_func_pad(thd, arg1, arg2, arg3) {}
  Item_func_lpad(THD *thd, Item *arg1, Item *arg2):
    Item_func_pad(thd, arg1, arg2) {}
  Item_func_lpad(THD *thd, List<Item> &list):
    Item_func_pad(thd,list) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &mariadb_schema; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override
  {
    print_sql_mode_qualified_name(str, query_type);
    print_args_parenthesized(str, query_type);
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("lpad") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_lpad>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_lpad_oracle :public Item_func_lpad
{
  String *make_empty_result(String *str) override
  { null_value= 1; return NULL; }
public:
  Item_func_lpad_oracle(THD *thd, Item *arg1, Item *arg2, Item *arg3):
    Item_func_lpad(thd, arg1, arg2, arg3) {}
  Item_func_lpad_oracle(THD *thd, Item *arg1, Item *arg2):
    Item_func_lpad(thd, arg1, arg2) {}
  Item_func_lpad_oracle(THD *thd, List<Item> &list):
    Item_func_lpad(thd,list) {}
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    bool res= Item_func_lpad::fix_length_and_dec(thd);
    set_maybe_null();
    return res;
  }
  const Schema *schema() const override { return &oracle_schema_ref; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override
  {
    if (query_type & QT_FOR_FRM)
    {
      // 10.3 downgrade compatibility for FRM
      str->append(STRING_WITH_LEN("lpad_oracle"));
    }
    else
      print_sql_mode_qualified_name(str, query_type);
    print_args_parenthesized(str, query_type);
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_lpad_oracle>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_conv :public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_func_conv(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b, Item *c):
    Item_str_func(thd, a, b, c) {}
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("conv") };
    return name;
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    collation.set(default_charset());
    fix_char_length(65);
    set_maybe_null();
    return FALSE;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_conv>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_hex :public Item_str_ascii_checksum_func
{
protected:
  String tmp_value;
  /*
    Calling arg[0]->type_handler() can be expensive on every row.
    It's a virtual method, and in case if args[0] is a complex Item,
    its type_handler() can call more virtual methods.
    So let's cache it during fix_length_and_dec().
  */
  const Type_handler *m_arg0_type_handler;
public:
  Item_func_hex(THD *thd, Item *a):
    Item_str_ascii_checksum_func(thd, a), m_arg0_type_handler(NULL) {}
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("hex") };
    return name;
  }
  String *val_str_ascii_from_val_int(String *str);
  String *val_str_ascii_from_val_real(String *str);
  String *val_str_ascii_from_val_str(String *str);
  String *val_str_ascii(String *str) override
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(fixed());
    return m_arg0_type_handler->Item_func_hex_val_str_ascii(this, str);
  }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    m_arg0_type_handler= args[0]->type_handler();
    collation.set(default_charset(), DERIVATION_COERCIBLE, MY_REPERTOIRE_ASCII);
    decimals=0;
    /*
      Reserve space for 16 characters for signed numeric data types:
        hex(-1) -> 'FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF'.
      For unsigned numeric types, HEX() can create too large columns.
      This should be eventually fixed to create minimum possible columns.
    */
    const Type_handler_numeric *tn=
      dynamic_cast<const Type_handler_numeric*>(m_arg0_type_handler);
    size_t char_length= (tn && !(tn->flags() & UNSIGNED_FLAG)) ?
                        (size_t) 16 : (size_t) args[0]->max_length * 2;
    fix_char_length(char_length);
    return FALSE;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_hex>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_unhex :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_unhex(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_str_func(thd, a)
  {
    /* there can be bad hex strings */
    set_maybe_null();
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("unhex") };
    return name;
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    collation.set(&my_charset_bin);
    decimals=0;
    max_length=(1+args[0]->max_length)/2;
    return FALSE;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_unhex>(thd, this); }
};

#ifndef DBUG_OFF
class Item_func_like_range :public Item_str_func
{
protected:
  String min_str;
  String max_str;
  const bool is_min;
public:
  Item_func_like_range(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b, bool is_min_arg):
    Item_str_func(thd, a, b), is_min(is_min_arg)
  {
    set_maybe_null();
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    collation.set(args[0]->collation);
    decimals=0;
    max_length= MAX_BLOB_WIDTH;
    return FALSE;
  }
};

class Item_func_like_range_min :public Item_func_like_range
{
public:
  Item_func_like_range_min(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b):
    Item_func_like_range(thd, a, b, true) { }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("like_range_min") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_like_range_min>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_like_range_max :public Item_func_like_range
{
public:
  Item_func_like_range_max(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b):
    Item_func_like_range(thd, a, b, false) { }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("like_range_max") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_like_range_max>(thd, this); }
};
#endif

class Item_func_binary :public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_func_binary(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_str_func(thd, a) {}
  String *val_str(String *a) override
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(fixed());
    String *tmp=args[0]->val_str(a);
    null_value=args[0]->null_value;
    if (tmp)
      tmp->set_charset(&my_charset_bin);
    return tmp;
  }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    collation.set(&my_charset_bin);
    max_length=args[0]->max_length;
    return FALSE;
  }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("cast_as_binary") };
    return name;
  }
  bool need_parentheses_in_default() override { return true; }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_binary>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_load_file :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_load_file(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_str_func(thd, a) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("load_file") };
    return name;
  }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    collation.set(&my_charset_bin, DERIVATION_COERCIBLE);
    set_maybe_null();
    max_length=MAX_BLOB_WIDTH;
    return FALSE;
  }
  bool check_vcol_func_processor(void *arg) override
  {
    return mark_unsupported_function(func_name(), "()", arg, VCOL_IMPOSSIBLE);
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_load_file>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_export_set: public Item_str_func
{
 public:
  Item_func_export_set(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b, Item* c):
    Item_str_func(thd, a, b, c) {}
  Item_func_export_set(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b, Item* c, Item* d):
    Item_str_func(thd, a, b, c, d) {}
  Item_func_export_set(THD *thd, Item *a, Item *b, Item* c, Item* d, Item* e):
    Item_str_func(thd, a, b, c, d, e) {}
  String  *val_str(String *str) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("export_set") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_export_set>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_quote :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_quote(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_str_func(thd, a) {}
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("quote") };
    return name;
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    collation.set(args[0]->collation);
    ulonglong max_result_length= (ulonglong) args[0]->max_length * 2 +
                                  2 * collation.collation->mbmaxlen;
    // NULL argument is returned as a string "NULL" without quotes
    if (args[0]->maybe_null())
      set_if_bigger(max_result_length, 4 * collation.collation->mbmaxlen);
    max_length= (uint32) MY_MIN(max_result_length, MAX_BLOB_WIDTH);
    return FALSE;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_quote>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_conv_charset :public Item_str_func
{
  bool use_cached_value;
  String tmp_value;
public:
  bool safe;
  Item_func_conv_charset(THD *thd, Item *a, CHARSET_INFO *cs):
    Item_str_func(thd, a)
  {
    collation.set(cs, DERIVATION_IMPLICIT);
    use_cached_value= 0; safe= 0;
  }
  Item_func_conv_charset(THD *thd, Item *a, CHARSET_INFO *cs, bool cache_if_const):
    Item_str_func(thd, a)
  {
    collation.set(cs, DERIVATION_IMPLICIT);
    if (cache_if_const && args[0]->can_eval_in_optimize())
    {
      uint errors= 0;
      String tmp, *str= args[0]->val_str(&tmp);
      if (!str || str_value.copy(str->ptr(), str->length(),
                                 str->charset(), cs, &errors))
        null_value= 1;
      use_cached_value= 1;
      str_value.mark_as_const();
      safe= (errors == 0);
    }
    else
    {
      use_cached_value= 0;
      /*
        Conversion from and to "binary" is safe.
        Conversion to Unicode is safe.
        Conversion from an expression with the ASCII repertoire
        to any character set that can store characters U+0000..U+007F
        is safe:
        - All supported multibyte character sets can store U+0000..U+007F
        - All supported 7bit character sets can store U+0000..U+007F
          except those marked with MY_CS_NONASCII (e.g. swe7).
        Other kind of conversions are potentially lossy.
      */
      safe= (args[0]->collation.collation == &my_charset_bin ||
             cs == &my_charset_bin ||
             (cs->state & MY_CS_UNICODE) ||
             (args[0]->collation.repertoire == MY_REPERTOIRE_ASCII &&
              (cs->mbmaxlen > 1 || !(cs->state & MY_CS_NONASCII))));
    }
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  longlong val_int() override
  {
    if (args[0]->result_type() == STRING_RESULT)
      return Item_str_func::val_int();
    longlong res= args[0]->val_int();
    if ((null_value= args[0]->null_value))
      return 0;
    return res;
  }
  double val_real() override
  {
    if (args[0]->result_type() == STRING_RESULT)
      return Item_str_func::val_real();
    double res= args[0]->val_real();
    if ((null_value= args[0]->null_value))
      return 0;
    return res;
  }
  my_decimal *val_decimal(my_decimal *d) override
  {
    if (args[0]->result_type() == STRING_RESULT)
      return Item_str_func::val_decimal(d);
    my_decimal *res= args[0]->val_decimal(d);
    if ((null_value= args[0]->null_value))
      return NULL;
    return res;
  }
  bool get_date(THD *thd, MYSQL_TIME *ltime, date_mode_t fuzzydate) override
  {
    if (args[0]->result_type() == STRING_RESULT)
      return Item_str_func::get_date(thd, ltime, fuzzydate);
    bool res= args[0]->get_date(thd, ltime, fuzzydate);
    if ((null_value= args[0]->null_value))
      return 1;
    return res;
  }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("convert") };
    return name;
  }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override;
  int save_in_field(Field*, bool) override;

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_conv_charset>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_set_collation :public Item_str_func
{
  Lex_extended_collation_st m_set_collation;
public:
  Item_func_set_collation(THD *thd, Item *a,
                          const Lex_extended_collation_st &set_collation):
    Item_str_func(thd, a), m_set_collation(set_collation) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  bool eq(const Item *item, const Eq_config &config) const override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("collate") };
    return name;
  }
  enum precedence precedence() const override { return COLLATE_PRECEDENCE; }
  enum Functype functype() const override { return COLLATE_FUNC; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override;
  Item_field *field_for_view_update() override
  {
    /* this function is transparent for view updating */
    return args[0]->field_for_view_update();
  }
  bool need_parentheses_in_default() override { return true; }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_set_collation>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_expr_str_metadata :public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_func_expr_str_metadata(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_str_func(thd, a) { }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
     collation.set(system_charset_info);
     max_length= 64 * collation.collation->mbmaxlen; // should be enough
     base_flags&= ~item_base_t::MAYBE_NULL;
     return FALSE;
  };
  table_map not_null_tables() const override { return 0; }
  Item* propagate_equal_fields(THD *thd, const Context &ctx, COND_EQUAL *cond)
    override
  { return this; }
  bool const_item() const override { return true; }
};

class Item_func_charset :public Item_func_expr_str_metadata
{
  LEX_CSTRING m_cached_charset_info;

public:
  Item_func_charset(THD *thd, Item *a)
    :Item_func_expr_str_metadata(thd, a) { }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("charset") };
    return name;
  }
  table_map used_tables() const override { return 0; }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD* thd) override
  {
    if (Item_func_expr_str_metadata::fix_length_and_dec(thd))
      return true;
    /*
      Since this is a const item which doesn't use tables (see used_tables()),
      we don't want to access the function arguments during execution.
      That's why we store the charset here during the preparation phase
      and only return it later at the execution phase
    */
    DBUG_ASSERT(args[0]->fixed());
    m_cached_charset_info.str= args[0]->charset_for_protocol()->cs_name.str;
    m_cached_charset_info.length=
        args[0]->charset_for_protocol()->cs_name.length;
    return false;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_charset>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_collation :public Item_func_expr_str_metadata
{
public:
  Item_func_collation(THD *thd, Item *a)
    :Item_func_expr_str_metadata(thd, a) {}
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("collation") };
    return name;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_collation>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_weight_string :public Item_str_func
{
  String tmp_value;
  uint weigth_flags;
  uint nweights;
  uint result_length;
public:
  Item_func_weight_string(THD *thd, Item *a, uint result_length_arg,
                          uint nweights_arg, uint flags_arg):
    Item_str_func(thd, a)
  {
    nweights= nweights_arg;
    weigth_flags= flags_arg;
    result_length= result_length_arg;
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("weight_string") };
    return name;
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  bool eq(const Item *item, const Eq_config &config) const override
  {
    if (!Item_str_func::eq(item, config))
      return false;
    Item_func_weight_string *that= (Item_func_weight_string *)item;
    return this->weigth_flags == that->weigth_flags &&
           this->nweights == that->nweights &&
           this->result_length == that->result_length;
  }
  Item* propagate_equal_fields(THD *thd, const Context &ctx, COND_EQUAL *cond)
    override
  { return this; }
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override;

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_weight_string>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_crc32 :public Item_long_func
{
  bool check_arguments() const override
  {
    return args[0]->check_type_can_return_str(func_name_cstring()) &&
      (arg_count == 1 ||
       args[1]->check_type_can_return_int(func_name_cstring()));
  }
  String value;
  uint32 (*const crc_func)(uint32, const void*, size_t);
public:
  Item_func_crc32(THD *thd, bool Castagnoli, Item *a) :
    Item_long_func(thd, a),
    crc_func(Castagnoli ? my_crc32c : my_checksum)
  { unsigned_flag= 1; }
  Item_func_crc32(THD *thd, bool Castagnoli, Item *a, Item *b) :
    Item_long_func(thd, a, b),
    crc_func(Castagnoli ? my_crc32c : my_checksum)
  { unsigned_flag= 1; }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING crc32_name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("crc32") };
    static LEX_CSTRING crc32c_name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("crc32c") };
    return crc_func == my_crc32c ? crc32c_name : crc32_name;
  }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override { max_length=10; return FALSE; }
  longlong val_int() override;

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_crc32>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_uncompressed_length : public Item_long_func_length
{
  String value;
public:
  Item_func_uncompressed_length(THD *thd, Item *a)
   :Item_long_func_length(thd, a) {}
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("uncompressed_length") };
    return name;
  }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    max_length=10;
    set_maybe_null();
    return FALSE; }
  longlong val_int() override;

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_uncompressed_length>(thd, this); }
};

#ifdef HAVE_COMPRESS
#define ZLIB_DEPENDED_FUNCTION ;
#else
#define ZLIB_DEPENDED_FUNCTION { null_value=1; return 0; }
#endif

class Item_func_compress: public Item_str_binary_checksum_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_compress(THD *thd, Item *a)
   :Item_str_binary_checksum_func(thd, a) {}
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    max_length= (args[0]->max_length * 120) / 100 + 12;
    return FALSE;
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("compress") };
    return name;
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override ZLIB_DEPENDED_FUNCTION

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_compress>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_uncompress: public Item_str_binary_checksum_func
{
  String tmp_value;
public:
  Item_func_uncompress(THD *thd, Item *a)
   :Item_str_binary_checksum_func(thd, a) {}
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    set_maybe_null();
    max_length= MAX_BLOB_WIDTH;
    return FALSE;
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("uncompress") };
    return name;
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override ZLIB_DEPENDED_FUNCTION

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_uncompress>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_dyncol_create: public Item_str_func
{
protected:
  DYNCALL_CREATE_DEF *defs;
  DYNAMIC_COLUMN_VALUE *vals;
  uint *keys_num;
  LEX_STRING *keys_str;
  bool names, force_names;
  bool prepare_arguments(THD *thd, bool force_names);
  void print_arguments(String *str, enum_query_type query_type);
public:
  Item_func_dyncol_create(THD *thd, List<Item> &args, DYNCALL_CREATE_DEF *dfs);
  bool fix_fields(THD *thd, Item **ref) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("column_create") };
    return name;
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override;
  enum Functype functype() const override { return DYNCOL_FUNC; }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_dyncol_create>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_dyncol_add: public Item_func_dyncol_create
{
public:
  Item_func_dyncol_add(THD *thd, List<Item> &args_arg, DYNCALL_CREATE_DEF *dfs):
    Item_func_dyncol_create(thd, args_arg, dfs)
  {}
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("column_add") };
    return name;
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override;

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_dyncol_add>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_dyncol_json: public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_func_dyncol_json(THD *thd, Item *str): Item_str_func(thd, str)
    {collation.set(DYNCOL_UTF);}
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("column_json") };
    return name;
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    max_length= MAX_BLOB_WIDTH;
    set_maybe_null();
    decimals= 0;
    return FALSE;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_dyncol_json>(thd, this); }
};

/*
  The following functions is always called from an Item_cast function
*/

class Item_dyncol_get: public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_dyncol_get(THD *thd, Item *str, Item *num): Item_str_func(thd, str, num)
  {}
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    set_maybe_null();
    max_length= MAX_BLOB_WIDTH;
    return FALSE;
  }
  /* Mark that collation can change between calls */
  bool dynamic_result() override { return 1; }

LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("column_get") };
    return name;
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override;
  longlong val_int() override;
  longlong val_int_signed_typecast() override
  {
    unsigned_flag= false;   // Mark that we want to have a signed value
    longlong value= val_int(); // val_int() can change unsigned_flag
    if (!null_value && unsigned_flag && value < 0)
      push_note_converted_to_negative_complement(current_thd);
    return value;
  }
  longlong val_int_unsigned_typecast() override
  {
    unsigned_flag= true; // Mark that we want to have an unsigned value
    longlong value= val_int(); // val_int() can change unsigned_flag
    if (!null_value && unsigned_flag == 0 && value < 0)
      push_note_converted_to_positive_complement(current_thd);
    return value;
  }
  double val_real() override;
  my_decimal *val_decimal(my_decimal *) override;
  bool get_dyn_value(THD *thd, DYNAMIC_COLUMN_VALUE *val, String *tmp);
  bool get_date(THD *thd, MYSQL_TIME *ltime, date_mode_t fuzzydate) override;
  void print(String *str, enum_query_type query_type) override;

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_dyncol_get>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_dyncol_list: public Item_str_func
{
public:
  Item_func_dyncol_list(THD *thd, Item *str): Item_str_func(thd, str)
    {collation.set(DYNCOL_UTF);}
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    set_maybe_null();
    max_length= MAX_BLOB_WIDTH;
    return FALSE;
  }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("column_list") };
    return name;
  }
  String *val_str(String *) override;

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_dyncol_list>(thd, this); }
};

/*
  this is used by JOIN_TAB::keep_current_rowid
  and stores handler::position().
  It has nothing to do with _rowid pseudo-column, that the parser supports.
*/
class Item_temptable_rowid :public Item_str_func
{
public:
  TABLE *table;
  Item_temptable_rowid(TABLE *table_arg);
  const Type_handler *type_handler() const override
  { return &type_handler_string; }
  Field *create_tmp_field(MEM_ROOT *root, bool group, TABLE *table)
  { return create_table_field_from_handler(root, table); }
  String *val_str(String *str) override;
  enum Functype functype() const override { return  TEMPTABLE_ROWID; }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("<rowid>") };
    return name;
  }
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override;

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_temptable_rowid>(thd, this); }
};
#ifdef WITH_WSREP

#include "wsrep_api.h"

class Item_func_wsrep_last_written_gtid: public Item_str_ascii_func
{
  String gtid_str;
public:
  Item_func_wsrep_last_written_gtid(THD *thd): Item_str_ascii_func(thd) {}
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("wsrep_last_written_gtid") };
    return name;
  }
  String *val_str_ascii(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    max_length= WSREP_GTID_STR_LEN;
    set_maybe_null();
    return FALSE;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_wsrep_last_written_gtid>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_wsrep_last_seen_gtid: public Item_str_ascii_func
{
  String gtid_str;
public:
  Item_func_wsrep_last_seen_gtid(THD *thd): Item_str_ascii_func(thd) {}
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("wsrep_last_seen_gtid") };
    return name;
  }
  String *val_str_ascii(String *) override;
  bool fix_length_and_dec(THD *thd) override
  {
    max_length= WSREP_GTID_STR_LEN;
    set_maybe_null();
    return FALSE;
  }

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_wsrep_last_seen_gtid>(thd, this); }
};

class Item_func_wsrep_sync_wait_upto: public Item_int_func
{
  String value;
public:
 Item_func_wsrep_sync_wait_upto(THD *thd, Item *a): Item_int_func(thd, a) {}
 Item_func_wsrep_sync_wait_upto(THD *thd, Item *a, Item* b): Item_int_func(thd, a, b) {}
  const Type_handler *type_handler() const override
  { return &type_handler_string; }
  LEX_CSTRING func_name_cstring() const override
  {
    static LEX_CSTRING name= {STRING_WITH_LEN("wsrep_sync_wait_upto_gtid") };
    return name;
  }
  longlong val_int() override;

protected:
  Item *shallow_copy(THD *thd) const override
  { return get_item_copy<Item_func_wsrep_sync_wait_upto>(thd, this); }
};
#endif /* WITH_WSREP */

#endif /* ITEM_STRFUNC_INCLUDED */

cmd: